Ghost exchanges

258 exchanges in PeeringDB have fewer than two outside networks connected, so there's nobody to peer with except the operator. The operator's own networks don't count: the exchange's route servers and looking glass, networks of the same PeeringDB organization or named after the operator, and networks that only show up on that operator's exchanges. Nor do networks that join almost every exchange to host DNS root servers or collect routes (PCH, AS112, the root servers, RouteViews, RIPE RIS).

Each exchange is dated from the update that first found it. New ones are added as the data is refreshed.